The National Forensic Journal is the scholarly journal of the National Forensic Association. Dr. Ed Hinck from Central Michigan University is the journal's editor. The journal has published research in intercollegiate speech and debate since 1983. All of the articles (with the exception of the current edition of the journal), are available on this website.
The webmaster is exceptionally grateful for the help in scanning and initial proofreading of past articles from his student workers: Jill Jenkins, Kristine Moore, Christi Paulson, Lauren Dahl, and Charity Kroeker. We also thank Dr. Dan Cronn-Mills from Minnesota State-Mankato for his graciousness in loaning journals to complete the project.
All files are PDF files made as accessible as possible. All files use the same pagination as the original sources. While the pages may not look exactly the same as the original, be assured that pages end where they did in the original so that quotations using page numbers will be correct. File sizes (if they are greater than 100k in size) are indicated next to the article titles. Some - but not all - typos are left in from the originals. Note: the Fridley and Manchester article is not yet accessible, but we will work on making it so - the complications of the tables have made that article a bit more problematic.
For doing keyword and other searches on the National Forensic Journal and other journals, the webmaster recommends Dr. Dan Cronn-Mills' database of forensic research.
Important note: While the National Forensic Association is making these articles freely available, the National Forensic Association retains copyright. The articles are made available for personal and scholarly use. Reselling these articles or reposting them on another website are strictly prohibited, and will be considered copyright infringement.
| "The Ethics of Proof in Speech Events: A Survey of Standards Used by Contestants and Judges" (176k) | David A. Thomas | 1-17 |
| "Judging Standards in Forensics: Toward a Uniform Code in the '80s" (118k) | Norbert H. Mills | 19-31 |
| "Scheduling for Individual Events Nationals: The N.F.A. Experience in Developing Fairness Safeguards" (386k) | Donald F. Peters | 33-42 |
| "Report on the Action Caucus on Oral Interpretation in Forensic Competition" (196k) (Corrected per note in vol. 1, no. 2) | Hal H. Holloway John Allen Jeanine Rice Barr Thomas Colley Carolyn Keefe James A. Pearse James M. St. Clair |
43-58 |
| "A New Journal is Inaugurated" | Michael P. Kelley | 63-64 |
| "The Ethics of Argumentation in Intercollegiate Debate: A Conservative Appraisal" | Bernard K. Duffy | 65-71 |
| "Ethics in Speech Events: A Replication and Extension" (211k) | David A. Thomas and Jack Hart | 75-95 |
| "The Abuse of Evidence in Persuasive Speaking" | Robert L. Frank | 97-107 |
| "Ethics and Evidence Usage: Current 'Codes' in Individual Events" | Sheryl A. Friedley | 109-117 |
| "'Winning' Orations? A Study of Select Interstate Oratorical Speeches" (102k) | Christina L. Reynolds | 119-135 |
| "Two Overlooked Resources" | Robert W. Greenstreet | 137-140 |
| "The Japanese Way of Debate" | Carl B. Becker | 141-147 |
| "Four Methods of Computing Contest Results" (102k) | Robert O. Weiss | 1-10* |
| "Judging the After Dinner Speaking Competitor: Style and Content" | Norbert H. Mills | 11-18 |
| "Evaluating Oral Interpretation Events: A Contest and Festival Perspectives Symposium" | Todd V. Lewis, David A. Williams, Madeline M. Keaveney, Michael G. Leigh | 19-32 |
| "Improving Judging Skills Through the Judge Workshop" | David Ross | 33-40 |
| "Toward Standardized Extemporaneous Speech Competition: Tournament Design and Speech Training" | John E. Crawford | 41-55 |
| "Funding Forensics: The 'IRA' Alternative" | Michael P. Kelley | 57-64 |
| *Note: Corrections to this article appeared on p. 136 of vol. 2, no. 2. These corrections have been incorporated into the article. |
| "A Brief History of Individual Events Nationals" | Linda J. Fryar | 73-83 |
| "The Relationship of Judging Panel Composition to Scoring at the 1984 N.F.A. Nationals" (132k) | Jack Kay and Roger Aden | 85-97 |
| "A Categorical Content Analysis of Rhetorical Criticism Ballots" | Kevin W. Dean and William L. Benoit | 99-108 |
| Review of Participating in Collegiate Forensics | Charlene Arnold Hill | 109-112 |
| "The NDCF: A Spirit of Cooperation Prevailed" | Michael P. Kelley | 113-117 |
| "Ethics in Academic Debate: A Gaming Perspective" | Alfred C. Snider | 119-134 |
| "An Analysis of Male/Female Participation at Select National Championships" | Sheryl A. Friedley and Bruce B. Manchester | 1-12 |
| "Gender Issues in Cross-Examination Periods of C.E.D.A. Debate" (108k) | Suzanne Larson and Amy L. Vreeland | 13-27 |
| "The Gender Factor in Selecting Extra-Curricular Activities" | Marjorie Keeshan Nadler | 29-36 |
| "Forensic Recruiting Within the University" (156k) | Kevin W. Dean and Kenda Creasy Dean | 37-54 |
| "Verbal Interactions in Coaching the Oral Interpretation of Poetry" (390k) | Carolyn Keefe | 55-69 |
| "Modern Interpretation Theory and Competitive Forensics: Understanding Hermeneutic Text" | Deborah M. Geisler | 71-79 |
| Review: Forensic Tournaments: Planning and Administration | Edward J. Harris, Jr. | 81-82 |
| "Toward a Conceptual Justification for Duo Interpretation" | David C. Klope | 1-11 |
| "The Tournament as Laboratory: Implications for Forensic Research" | Edward J. Harris, Jr.; Richard P. Kropp, Jr.; Robert E. Rosenthal | 13-22 |
| "Consistency versus Diversity in Tournament Events: A Survey of Coaches and Competitors" | Bruce B. Manchester and Sheryl A. Friedley | 23-33 |
| "A Comparison of Tabulation Methods Used by Two 1985 National Forensic Tournaments" (101k) | Robert S. Littlefield | 35-43 |
| "Does Speaking Order Matter in Individual Events Competition?" | Jerold L. Hale and Franklin J. Boster | 45-51 |
| Oral Interpretation in Forensic Competition: Representative Papers (126k) | Hal Holloway, John F. Skinner, Jerry W. Mathis, Carolyn Keefe, and John J. Allen | 53-73 |
| Review: "Argumentation and the Decision Making Process" | Jay A. Ward | 75-77 |
| Review: "Advanced Debate" | Dean Fadely | 77-78 |
| "Judging, Evaluation, and the Quality of CEDA Debate" | Alan Cirlin | 81-90 |
| "Current Issues in the Cross Examination Debate Association" | James E. Tomlinson | 91-103 |
| "Improving the Quality of CEDA Debate" | Billy J. Hill, Jr. | 105-121 |
| "Forensic Positions: A Glance at the 'Want Ads'" (144k) | Michael W. Shelton | 123-133 |
| "Judge Demographics and Criteria for Extemp and Impromptu at N.F.A. Nationals" (133k) | Edward J. Harris, Jr. | 135-147 |
| Review: "Introduction to Debate" | Robert M. Gilmore, Sr. | 149-150 |
| "An Historical Examination of I.E. Nationals Finalists" (112k) | Michael D. Leiboff | 1-10 |
| "An Examination of Male/Female Judging Decisions in Individual Events" | Sheryl A. Friedley and Bruce B. Manchester | 11-20 |
| "Rhetorical Criticism: Judges' Expectations and Contest Standards" | Edward J. Harris, Jr. | 21-25 |
| "A System of Evaluating Forensic Participation for Academic Credit" (307k) | Carolyn Keefe | 27-37 |
| "The Use of Metaphorical Topoi in Impromptu Training" | Gloria M. Boone | 39-47 |
| "Persuasive Speaking: A Review to Enhance the Educational Experience" | Bradley University J. Ballinger and Jeffrey D. Brand | 49-54 |
| "The Metacritical Model for Judging Interpretation" | Jay G. VerLinden | 57-66 |
| "The Effect of Attire on Forensic Competitors and Judges: Does Clothing Make a Difference?" (132k) | M. Anway Jones | 67-79 |
| "Competitive Impromptu Speaking" | Christina L. Reynolds and Mitchell Fay | 81-94 |
| "But Seriously Folks...Considerations for Writing the Competitive After Dinner Speech" | Gary C. Dreibelbis and Kent R. Redmon | 95-103 |
| Review of American Forensics in Perspective | Roger Aden | 105-107 |
| Review of Debate and Argument | Millard F. Eiland | 107-109 |
| "An Historical Examination of I.E. Nationals Finalists - An Update" | Michael D. Leiboff | 111-112 |
| "Theory and Practice in Communication Analysis" | John M. Murphy | 1-11 |
| "'Trigger Your Audience': Trigger Scripting as a Contemporary, Integrative Event" | Michelle Miller-Rassulo | 13-24 |
| "Judging After Dinner-Speaking: Identifying the Criteria for Evaluation" | Colan T. Hanson | 25-34 |
| "The Function of the Introduction in Competitive Oral Interpretation" | Valerie R. Swarts | 35-42 |
| "Improving the Educational Value of Extemporaneous Speaking: Refocusing the Question" | Roger C. Aden and Jack Kay | 43-50 |
| "The Role of the Artistic Proof in Contemporary Debate" | David L. Worthington | 51-57 |
| Review: Instructional Videos for Forensics: The National Federation Speech Series | Jane Zimmerman Nott | 59-61 |
| "The Performance of Literature at Forensics Tournaments: A Case for the Use of Original Material" (Corrected per note in vol. 6, no. 2) | Todd V. Lewis | 63-67 |
| "Original Material in Forensics Oral Interpretation: A Violation of Integrity" | Keith D. Green | 69-72 |
| "The Persuasive Speaking Contest: An Analysis of Twenty Years of Change" (100k) | Timothy L. Sellnow and George Ziegelmueller | 75-88 |
| "The Case of the Missing Tab-Score: A Study Comparing Score-Exclusion and Full-Score Tabulating at the National Forensic Association's National Individual Events Tournaments from 1974 to 1987" (178k) | A.R. Montanaro, Jr. and Franklin E. Sharp | 89-102 |
| "Maintaining Integrity in Forensics Interpretation: Arguments Against Original Literature" | Thomas G. Endres | 103-112 |
| "A Quantitative Analysis of CEDA Speaking Rates" | Kent R. Colbert | 113-120 |
| "A Survey of Forensics Activity at Selected Colleges and Universities in the United States, 1987" (726k) | Pamela L. Stepp and Ralph B. Thompson | 121-136 |
| Review: Championship Debates and Speeches | Matthew Sobnosky | 137-138 |
| Review: Original Oratory | Kate Joeckel | 138-139 |
| "A Summary of the National Developmental Conference on Individual Events" | Vicki L. Karns and Larry Schnoor | 141-144 |
| "An Analysis of Imagined Interactions of Forensic Participants" | J. Michael Gotcher and James M. Honeycutt | 1-20 |
| "Predicting Rankings at Individual Events Tournaments: Do the Outcomes Justify Current Practices?" | Robert S. Littlefield | 21-28 |
| "Clarifying Tournament Rhetorical Criticism: A Proposal for New Rules and Standards" | Jack Kay and Roger C. Aden | 29-42 |
| "Issues in the Relational Dynamic of the Director/Assistant Director: Reactions from the Respective Positions" | Larry Schnoor and Keith D. Green | 43-51 |
| "Second Among Equals: The Graduate Student Perspective" | Kathryn Elton | 53-62 |
| "The Director of Forensics, Assistant Director and Staff: An Organizational Communication Perspective" | Gary C. Dreibelbis | 63-70 |
| Review of The History of Pi Kappa Delta, 1913-1987 | Charles L. Johnson | 71-73 |
| "The Conference on Forensic Education" | Sheryl A. Friedley | 75-77 |
| "Motivational Tension: Winning vs. Pedagogy in Academic Debate" (147k) | Stephen C. Wood and Pamela A. Rowland-Morin | 81-97 |
| "Factors Affecting Choices Among National Tournaments: Report on a Survey" (222k) | Mary Ann Renz and Keith D. Green | 99-114b* |
| "Separate and Unequal: Women in the Public Address Events" | John M. Murphy | 115-125 |
| "Performance and Copyright: Avoiding the Pitfalls" | J.G. Harrington | 127-132 |
| "Addressing the Needs of Academically Talented Students: A Forensics Model for the Basic Public Speaking Course" | Kevin W. Dean and David G. Levasseur | 133-141 |
| Review: Prima Facie: A Guide to Value Debate | Mary M. Gill | 143-145 |
| Review: Debate Tournament Administrator | Ann Burnette Pettus and Jim Dittus | 145-149 |
| "A Defense of Questions in Rhetorical Criticism" | David G. Levasseur and Kevin W. Dean | 151-158 |
| *Note: This is not a typo. |
| "An Assessment of the Value of Individual Events in Forensics Competition from Students' Perspectives" (142k) | Janet Kay McMillan and William R. Todd-Mancilas | 1-17 |
| "The Nature of the 'Total' Forensic Program: The 1990's and Beyond" | Bob R. Derryberry | 19-29 |
| "Interpreting the Oral Interpretation Judge: Content Analysis of Oral Interpretation Ballots" | Daniel D. Mills | 31-40 |
| "Oral Interpretation: Are Students Learning?" | Renea B. Gernant | 41-49 |
| "Prima Facie: Old Distinctions/New Applications" | Stephen C. Wood and Jean M. DeWitt | 51-63 |
| "Developing and Managing a Peer Forensics Coaching Program" | Carolyn Keefe | 65-75 |
| Review: Prima Facie: A Guide to Value Debate | Ede Warner | 77-79 |
| Review: Prima Facie: A Guide to Value Debate & Debating Values | Jack Kay | 79-80 |
| Review: Argumentation: Inquiry and Advocacy | Ede Warner | 81-83 |
| Review: Dialogue in the Forensic Community: Proceedings of the Conference on Forensic Education | Shawn L. McGee | 83-84 |
| "Campaign '92: A Study in Political Rhetoric" | Sheryl A. Friedley | 87 |
| "Hitting the Key Note: A Rhetorical Trio" | Kathleen M. German | 89-100 |
| "Bill Clinton's 'New Covenant' Revisioning an Old Vision" | Kevin W. Dean | 101-110 |
| "Senator Phil Gramm's 1992 Keynote Address: A Case of Strategic Ambiguity" | Timothy L. Sellnow | 111-122 |
| "The Stories in George Bush's Acceptance Speech" | Mary Ann Renz | 123-133 |
| "The Rhetorical Function of H. Ross Perot's Political Apologia" | Roger C. Aden | 135-146 |
| Review of Political Campaign Communiations, 2nd ed. | Janette Kenner Muir | 147-148 |
| Review of The Campaign of the Century | Rod Carvath | 149-152 |
| Final Thanks | Sheryl A. Friedley | 153-154 |
| "Competitors' Perceptions of Questions in Individual Events Rounds" | Daniel Mills and Ann Burnett Pettus | 1-11 |
| "Academic Debate and Critical Thinking: A Look at the Evidence" | Robert Greenstreet | 13-28 |
| "Is It Time for a Change in Impromptu Speaking?" | David E. Williams, Christopher T. Carver and Russell D. Hart | 29-40 |
| Special Topic: "Pragmatic Concerns on Questions in I.E. Rounds" | Larry Schnoor and Bryant Alexander | 41-48 |
| Review: Original Oratory | Susan L. Williams | 49-50 |
| Review: Extemporaneous Speaking Videotape | Timothy A. Borchers | 50-52 |
| "The Role of Forensics When Departments and Programs are Targeted for Elimination: Ensuring a 'Call for Support' is Heard" | Daniel Mills, Ann Burnett Pettus, and Scott G. Dickmeyer | 53-58 |
| "A Brief Introduction" | Deborah M. Geisler | 59-60 |
| "Justifying Forensic Programs to Administrators: An Experiential Educational Opportunity" | Deanna D. Sellnow | 1-14 |
| "Controlling Speech Anxiety: Academic Recommendations and Forensic Applications" (100k) | Robert S. Littlefield, Timothy L. Sellnow, and Mark A. Meister | 15-28 |
| "Fostering Greater Analysis in Rhetorical Criticism: A Re-Examination of Whately's Views on Rhetoric" | Alan Givens | 29-36 |
| "Considering the Role of the Physically Challenged Student in Individual Events Competition" | David L. Kosloski | 37-46 |
| "Coaching Intercollegiate Debate and Raising a Family: An Analysis of Perspectives from Women in the Trenches" | Ann Burnett Pettus and Mary Ann Danielson | 47-53 |
| "A Content Analysis of Individual Events Judge Decision Justification" (153k) | Craig Scott and Marty Birkholt | 1-22 |
| "A Critique of Source Citations in Forensic Speeches" | Jay G. VerLinden | 23-36 |
| "Collegiate Forensic Outreach to High Schools: Supporting the Forensic Community" | Jeffrey Brand | 37-44 |
| "Another Glance at the Want Ads: Forensic Positions 1990 through 1994" | Michael Shelton | 45-57 |
| "Educational Criteria in Forensics: An Argument for Lincoln-Douglas Debate" | David Williams | 59-70 |
| Review of Intercollegiate Forensics | Michael Shelton | 71-74 |
| "Lincoln-Douglas Debate: An Educational Exercise" | Charles E. Morris III and Dale A. Herbeck | 1-17 |
| "A Philosophy for Judging NFA Lincoln-Douglas Debate" | Kevin Minch and Timothy A. Borchers | 19-36 |
| "Propositional Focus in Dialectical Perspective: A Call for Greater Consistency in the Theory of NFA Lincoln-Douglas Debate" (102k) | Jeffrey Thomas Bile | 37-58 |
| "Improving the Pedagogical Value of Debate: A Call for Oral Critiques" | Derek V. Howard and Cheri Brussee | 59-68 |
| Review: Public Argument | Halford Ryan | 69-70 |
| Review: Communication Ethics | Michael W. Shelton | 70-73 |
| "Evaluating Directors of Forensics: From Dimensions to Prototype" | Mary Ann Danielson and John Hollwitz | 1-20 |
| "Gender as a Predictor of Competitive Success in Extemporaneous Speaking" (100k) | Leah E. White | 21-38 |
| "Lincoln-Douglas Debate: Inherency Revisited" | Robert A. Abrams and Carolyn Lumsden Novak | 39-48 |
| "Women in Intercollegiate Forensics: Experiencing Otherness" (107k) | Robert W. Greenstreet | 49-68 |
| "Graduate Education in Argumentation and Forensics: A Note on the 1996 SCA Graduate Directory" | Michael W. Shelton | 69-78 |
| "Efforts to Increase Diversity on College Forensic Teams" (128k) | Cynthia Valdivia and James Simon | 1-22 |
| "Collegiate Lincoln-Douglas Debate and High School Champions: Implications of a Survey of Participants in the Tournament of Champions" | Michael W. Shelton and J.W. Patterson | 23-38 |
| "When Criteria Becomes Formula: The Search for Standardization within Competitive After-Dinner Speeches" | Andrew C. Billings | 39-49 |
| "A Choreographic Explication of Swing and Double-Up Tournaments: Finding New Ways of Talk" | Bryant Keith Alexander and Larry Gene Schnoor | 51-61 |
| "Service-Learning and Forensics" (120k) | Edward A. Hinck and Shelly S. Hinck | 1-26 |
| "Forensics in a Correctional Facility" | Aaron A. Warriner | 27-41 |
| "Service Learning in Forensics: An Undergraduate's Perspective" | Katherine L. Hatfield | 43-52 |
| "Bridging Theory and Practice: Toward a More Pedagogical Model of Rhetorical Criticism" | Brian L. Ott | 53-74 |
| "My Four Years as Editor" | Halford Ryan | 75-77 |
| "An Analysis of Interstate Speeches: Are They Structurally Different?" (105k) | Leah E. White and Lucas Messer | 2-19 |
"Revisiting Male/Female Participation and Success in Forensics: Has Time Changed the Playing Field?" (without appendices) The article is also available with appendices (PDF, 761k, appendices may not be accessible.) |
Bruce B. Manchester and Sheryl A. Friedley | 20-35 |
| "The Yearning for Pleasure: The Significance of Having Fun in Forensics" (146k) | Richard E. Paine and John R. Stanley | 36-59 |
| "Managing the Dialectical Tension Between Competition and Education in Forensics: A Response to Burnett, Brand and Meister" (100k) | Edward A. Hinck | 60-76 |
| "Diagnosing the SICKness in ForeSICs" | Clark Olson | 2-8 |
| "Thinking about Wellness (in Forensics): A Poetic Reflection" | Byrant Alexander | 9-11 |
| "The Health of Directors of Forensics" | Chris Leland | 12-22 |
| "Forensics and the 'New' Wellness" | Susan Hatfield | 23-33 |
| "The AFA-NIET Initiatives on Wellness" | Thomas Workman | 34-36 |
| "A Perspective on Wellness" | Larry Schnoor | 37-39 |
| "Nutritious, Plentiful, Easily Accessible and Especially Free: A Modest Experiment in Wellness" | Mary Trejo | 40-42 |
| "Creating a Wellness Tournament" | Clark Olson | 43-46 |
| "Judging Philosophy: Reflected in the Communication of Judges' Decisions in Lincoln-Douglas Debate" (290k - all corrections made.) | Marty J. Birkholt and Audra R. Diers | 1-22 |
| "Working within Forensics Systems" | Todd L. Holm and Jerry L. Miller | 23-37 |
| "Like, You Know, What I'm Saying: A Study of Discourse Marker Frequency in Extemporaneous and Impromptu Speaking" | Stephen M. Croucher | 38-47 |
| "Coast to Coast and Culture to Culture: An Intercultural Perspective on Regional Differences in Forensics Pedagogy and Practice." | Jackson B. Miller | 1-18 |
| "Analyzing Innovation and Education in Forensics" | Elizabeth N. Ribarsky | 19-31 |
| "Home Sweet Home: The Role of the Forensics Squadroom in Team Socialization and Identification" | Heather J. Carmack and Todd L. Holm | 32-53 |
| "Duties of the Director of Forensics: Step One in the Development of an Interviewing and Evaluation Instrument" | David A. Williams and Joseph A. Gantt | 54-68 |
| "The State of Forensic Scholarship: Analyzing Individual Events Research in the National Forensic Journal from 1990-2003" (114k) | Anne Gerbensky Kerber and Daniel Cronn-Mills | 69-82 |
| "Revisiting Male/Female Participation and Success in Forensics: Has Time Changed the Playing Field?" (Appendices Only) | Bruce B. Manchester and Sheryl A. Friedley | 83-86 |
| "Organization Identity, Culture, and Student Motivation among Intercollegiate Forensics Competitors" | Stephen Croucher, Tyler Thornton and Jacqueline M. Eckstein | 1-15 |
| "'Bowel Quaking Pessimism': An Ethnographic Examination of Competence and Complaining in the Forensics Community" | Nichelle McNabb and Jose Pepe Cabara | 17-41 |
| "Interpreting Interpretation: The Future of the Art of Oral Interpretation in Its Most Popular Venue--Forensics Competition" | Marion O. Rossi, Jr. and Trischa Goodnow | 43-59 |
| "Gender Bias in NFA-LD: An Examination of Participation Rates and a Content Analysis of NFA-LD Ballots" | Susan Millsap and Scott Millsap | 61-68 |
| "Special Issue Editor's Introduction: Communication Theory and Intercollegiate Forensics--Addressing the Research Void within Forensics" | Stephen Croucher | 1-6 |
| "Incorporating a Family-Oriented Systems Perspective in Forensics" | Patrick C. Hughes, Mark A. Gring, and David E. Williams | 7-16 |
| "Defining the Story We Tell: An Application of Benoit's Acclaiming Discourse Strategies in Shaping Community Expectations for Forensic Success" | Scott Jensen and Gina Jensen | 17-31 |
| "Examining Leadership and Mentorship in Business and Forensics" | David J. Nadolski | 33-47 |